Building Sleepwalker: The Process from Sketch to Sculpture

The evolution of Sleepwalker began, as all of my sculptures do, as a small exploratory sketch. This first phase can take up to 50 sketches to fully understand the character and the opportunities it creates to draw viewers into its space.

One of several graphite on paper sketches that help me see the gesture as form and space before I create the armature for the sculpture.

This piece didn't vary much from that first sketch to the finished work — a rare occurance. Most of the changes were structural tweaks, not conceptual.

A template for the armature assures the proportions remain true to the original sketch. Refinements are made at every stage of the creative process.

Converting an image from two dimensions to three always creates surprises. This is an ongoing process of problem-creation/problem-solving. Here, the challenge was to create stability without making the figure unnaturally bulky.


This is the chaos phase of construction where the proportions must be controlled to maintain the gesture and fluidity of the original concept.

Initially, I saw the hoop as connected only to the arms. Since the legs were to be semi-translucent paper and polymer, they would remain somewhat flexible. The wire armature needed a third point of contact to make everything rigid and able to support the weight of the upper body.

This is bones of the final sculpture with proportions, gesture and balance all clearly established.

One surprise that came out of that structural work: the hoop is attached to the figure at three points. It's not immediately obvious where or how — which is exactly how I wanted it to appear. The connection is nearly invisible and feels natural, not engineered.


The final form begins to appear as the surface over the wire armature defines the planes of the form.

The figure was built up in layers. Opaque paper and polymer-coated surfaces above the hips followed by a final plaster-polymer skin.

The completed figure with semi-translucent legs and opaque upper body is mounted onto a marble base and ready to paint..

Translucent, polymer-saturated mulberry paper created semi-translucent legs which contrast with the opaque upper body.


One recurring technique I use is inviting viewers into the spaces created by the form of the sculpture — a philosophy I learned studying Isamu Noguchi. The viewer becomes part of the space, and therefore part of the sculpture itself. It makes the unanswered question presented by the figure that much more personal and engaging. Read about the original concept behind this sculpture: Sleepwalker: A Journey of Forking Paths.